بررسی تاثیر جایگزینی بوته سیب‌زمینی بر عملکرد، قابلیت هضم، رفتار نشخوار، فراسنجه‌های خونی و شکمبه‌ای در میش‌های نژاد دالاق

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه تغذیه دام و طیور دانشکده علوم دامی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

2 گروه تغذیه دام و طیور، دانشکده علوم دامی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

چکیده

زمینه مطالعاتی: یکی از راهکارهای موجود برای کاهش هزینه خوراک و در نتیجه هزینه تولید و قیمت محصول، استفاده از پسماندها و ضایعات کشاورزی قابل مصرف در جیره دام می‌باشد. هدف: این آزمایش به منظور بررسی اثرات سطوح مختلف بوته سیب زمینی بر عملکرد، قابلیت هضم، رفتار نشخوار، فراسنجه‌های خونی و شکمبه‌ای در میش‌های دالاق انجام شد. روش کار: بدین منظور از 18 راس میش نژاد دالاق با وزن 8/2±29 کیلوگرم استفاده شد. این آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 3 تیمار با درصدهای به‌ترتیب صفر، 20 و 40 درصد، جایگزینی ضایعات زراعی گیاه سیب‌زمینی به‌جای کاه و 6 تکرار بود. طول دوره 35 روز که 7 روز عادت‌پذیری و 28 روز دوره آزمایشی بود. جیره‌ها هر روز در دو نوبت، ساعت 8 صبح و ساعت 4 عصر خوراک پس از توزین در اختیار میش‌ها قرار می‌گرفت. هم‌چنین دام‎ها به‌صورت انفرادی در قفس‎های نگهداری دام قرار داشته و دسترسی آزاد به آب داشتند. اندازه‌گیری قابلیت هضم جیره به روش نشانگر داخلی خاکستر نامحلول در اسید در 3 روز آخر آزمایش و نمونه‌گیری از خون و مایع شکمبه در روز آخر آزمایش صورت پذیرفت. نتایج: با توجه به نتایج در بین تیمارهای آزمایشی از نظر افزایش وزن روزانه، وزن انتهای دوره و ضریب تبدیل اختلاف معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد. ولی در میزان مصرف خوراک بین تیمارهای آزمایشی اختلاف معنی‌داری مشاهده شد(05/0>P). هم‌چنین با اینکه در بین تیمارهای آزمایشی از نظر قابلیت‌هضم ماده خشک و الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی اختلاف معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد، ولی بیشترین میزان قابلیت هضم متعلق به تیمار 40درصد بوته سیب زمینی بود. قابلیت هضم ماده آلی تحت تاثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار گرفت(05/0>P). بین تیمارهای آزمایشی اختلاف معنی‌داری در رفتار خوردن، نشخوار و جویدن و استراحت وجود داشت(05/0>P)، به‌طوری‌که با افزایش مقدار بوته سیب‌زمینی، رفتار جویدن و نشخوار افزایش و میزان استراحت کاهش یافت. همچنین سطوح مختلف بوته سیب‌زمینی تاثیر معنی‌داری بر روی فراسنجه‌های خونی و شکمبه‌ای نداشت. نتیجه‌گیری نهایی: بر اساس نتایج حاصل از این آزمایش، می‌توان از بوته سیب‌زمینی تا 40درصد در تغذیه میش‌ها استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the effect of potato plant replacement on performance, digestibility, rumination behavior, blood and rumen parameters in Dalagh ewes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mostafa Hosseinabadi 1
  • Taghi Ghoorchi 1
  • Abdolhakim Toghdory 2
1 Ph.D Student Dept. of Animal and Poultry nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources
2 Dept. of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of animal Science, Gorgan University of agricultural Science,
چکیده [English]

Introduction:Increasing feed costs and the need for rations based on locally available feedstuffs has shifted nutritionists studies to unconventional feedstuffs for ruminants (Lashkari et al. 2014). Considerable quantities of crop residues by uncommon agro-industrial are generated every year in most de‌veloping countries in the tropics and subtropics. Most of the mentioned crop residues are suitable for feeding livestock; however, because of lack of technical-know-how they are considered as waste and are disposed (Salehi et al. 2014). Using crops by-products led to some advantages such as participating in solving the problem of feed shortage, decrease the cost of feeding and alleviating the pollution problems (Gaafar et al. 2014). By-products from the agro-food industry are of increasing importance, which can alleviate part of feed scarcity and thereby contribute to produce cost-effective animal products(Grasser et al. 1995, Valizadeh and Sobhanirad, 2009). One of such alternative feedstuffs is the sweet potato vines which produced and left over after harvesting and can remain green during a long period and it is also a valuable forage for ruminants and other livestock species (Giang et al, 2004). Sweet potato is a tropical crop of a relatively short vegetative cycle the tubers of which are usually employed for human and animal consumption (Zereu et al, 2014). The vines of potato are one of these promising by-products, which have great potential to replace fodder in ruminant diets. Potatoes are one of the world’s most important food crops with an annual yield of 365 million tons worldwide (FAO, 2013). Nutritionally, sweet potato vines are a rich source of protein, fiber, vitamins, also had moderate to good quantities of all the essential amino acids, the DM content of fresh sweet potato vines was 11.9% and crude protein was 19.8% of DM (Kebede et al. 2008). Etela and Kolio(2011) reported that sweet potato vines could be used as an alternative supple‌mentary feed for calves and small ruminants dry season and can be fed to dairy cattle as well (Ashiono et al. 2006). Correspondingly, there is a large quantity of potato vines produced annually(38–58 tons/ha), which could be used as animal feed (Parfitt et al. 1982). However, considered as waste, potato vines are often removed and destroyed some days before tubers are harvested (Nicholson et al. 1978). Parfitt et al (1982) and Dijkstra (1945) reported that potato vine silages can be used safely in the feeding of ruminants. Most data in the literature on the using potatoes in animal feed-ing are generally limited to potato tuber or its other by-productsfrom agro-alimentary industry (Rooke et al. 1997, Eriksson and Murphy. 2004, Eriksson et al. 2009). This is due mainly to their glycoalkaloid content, which is toxic to mammals (Morris and Lee. 1984, Walker. 1997). From limited data on ruminants, the toxic dose of α-solanine (one of the main components of potato glycoalkaloids) has been reported to be 225 mg/kg body weight for sheep (Konig. 1953). Although animals are considerably less susceptible to glycoalkaloids than humans (Friedman et al. 1997), fresh potato vines with glycoalkaloid content of 60–300 mg/100 g dry matter may be harmful to ruminants when fed in large quantities (Nicholson et al. 1978, Parfitt et al. 1982, Walker. 1997). However, processing such as air-drying or ensiling of potato vines may reduce their glycoalkaloid content (Nicholson et al. 1978), potentially making them safe to be used in ruminant nutrition. While the nutritive value of potato tuber or its by-products from the agro-food industry, as animal feeds, has been documented (Rooke et al. 1997, Eriksson and Murphy. 2004, Eriksson et al. 2009). This experiment was performed to investigate the effects of different levels of potato plant on performance, digestibility, ruminant behavior, blood and rumen parameters in dalagh ewes.
Materials and methods: For this purpose, 18 Dalagh ewes weighing 29± 2.8 kg were used. This experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 6 replications with percentages of zero, 20 and 40%, respectively, replaced with potato crop waste instead of straw. The animals kept in a separate pen individually in animal research farm of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran. Growth performance data were analyzed as a completely randomized design using the general linear model (GLM) procedure of SAS software (SAS. 2003).The duration of the course was 35 days include 7 days adaptation period and 28 days experimental time the ewes were fed twice daily after weighing at 8 am and 4 pm. animals were also held in individual cages and had free access to water. Diet digestibility was measured by acid-insoluble ash estimation as internal marker in the last 3 days of the experiment and blood and ruminal fluid samples were taken on the last day of the experiment.
Results and Discussion: According to the results, there was no significant difference between the experimental treatments in terms of daily weight gain, final weight and conversion ratio (P <0.05). However, there was a significant difference in feed intake between experimental treatments. There was no significant difference between the experimental treatments in terms of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (P <0.05). The highest digestibility belonged to treatment of 40% of potato plants. Organic matter digestibility was affected by experimental treatments. There was a significant difference between the experimental treatments in eating, ruminating and chewing and resting behavior (P <0.05), so that with increasing the amount of potato plant, chewing and ruminating behavior increased and the resting amount decreased. Also, different levels of potato plant had no significant effect on blood and ruminal parameters. Experimental treatments could not significantly affect the pH of ruminal fluid.
Conclusion: Considering that the results of this experiment show that the use of different levels of potato plant significantly increases the digestibility of organic matter and also improves the digestibility of dry matter and insoluble fibers in neutral detergent and It also significantly increased the dry matter intake. Based on the results of this experiment, up to 40% of the potato plant can be used to feed the ewes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Blood parameters
  • Dalagh ewe
  • Digestibility
  • Potato plant
  • Ruminant behavior

مراجع

Ahmadi F, Rajaee Rad A, Holtzapple MT and Zamiri MJ, 2013. Short-term oxidative lime pretreatment of palm pruning waste foruse as animal feedstuff. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 93: 2061-2070.
Allen MS, 1997. Relationship between fermentation acid production in the rumen and the requirement for physically effective fiber. Journal of Dairy Science 80:1447-1462.
Al-Masri MR, 2005. Nutritive value of some agricultural wastes as affected by relatively low gamma irradiation levels and chemical treatments. Bioresource Technology 96:1737- 1741.
AOAC, 2005. Official Method of Analysis, 15 ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, USA.
Araujo RC, Pires AV, Susin I, Mendes CQ, Rodrigues GH, Packer IU and Eastridge ML, 2008. Milk yield, milk composition, eating behavior, and lamb performance of ewes fed diets containing soybean hulls replacing coast cross (Cynodon species) hay. Journal of Animal Science 86:3511-3521.
Ashiono GB, Ouda JO, Akuja TE, Kitilit J K, Irungu RG and Gatwiku S, 2006. Effect of potato vine and sorghum silage on cattle milk productivity. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 5(1):81-84.
Bahman AM, Topps JH and Rooke JA, 1997. Use of date-palm leaves in high concentrate diets for lactating Friesian and Holstein cows. Journal of Arid Environment 35: 141–146.
Beauchemin KA and Yang WZ, 2005. Effects of physically effective fiber on intake, chewing activity, and ruminal acidosis for dairy cows fed diets based on corn silage. Journal Dairy Science 88:2117-2129.
Bowden DM, 1971. Non-esterified fatty acids and ketone bodies i blood as indicators of nutritional status in ruminants: a review. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 51:1–13.
Etela I and Kalio GA, 2011Yields components and 48-h rumen dry matter degradation of three sweet potato varieties in N’dama steers as influenced by date of harvesting. Journal of Agriculture and Social Research 11(2): 15-21.
FAO, 2008. Potates, Nutrition and Dirt. International year of thepotate, 2008. www.potato 2008.org Fossati.
FAO, 2013. FAO Production Yearbook. Food and Agricultural Organization of theUnited Nations, Rome.
Farahpour A, Khalilmanesh R and Zobde MR, 2011. Use of potato leaves and stems in feeding sheep fattening. Final report of the Agricultural Extension Coordination Management. P:20. (In Persian)
Faraji Nafchi M, Ghodratnama A, Moharreri A and Ghojak D, 2004. Feeding of aerial parts of potato plant in fattening fruits during growing Lori Bakhtiari. Proceedings of the First Congress of Animal Sciences and Aquaculture of the country. Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran. (In Persian)
Fazaeli H, Arab Nosratabadi M, Kardkoudi K and Mirhadi SA, 2009. In vitro and in vivo analysis of Jerusalem artichoke(Helianthus tuberosus) and alfalfa nutritive value.Water and Soil Science (Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources)  48:163- 173.
Fleige SW, Preibinger P, Meyer HHD and Pfaffl MW, 2007. Effect of lactulose on growth performance and intestinal morphology of preruminant calves using a milk replacer containing Enterococcus faecium. The Animal Consortium 1: 367-373.
Forouzan S, Ghoorchi T, Toghdory A and Parsa B, 2020. Effect of different levels of dried tomato forages on performance and digestibility and blood metabolites Dalagh lambs. Animal Science Journal (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi) 126:83-94. (In Persian)
Friedman M, McDonald M and Filadelfi-Keszi MA, 1997. Potato glycoalkaloids: chemistry, analysis, safety and plant physiology. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 16:55–132.
Jurjanz S, Colin-Shoellen O, Gardeur JN and Laurent F, 1998. Alteration of milk fat by variation in the source and amount of starch in a total mixed diet fed to dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 81: 2924-2933.
Gaafar HMA, Abd El-Lateif AIA and Abd El-Hady SB, 2014. Effect of partial replacement of berseem hay by ensiled and dried sweet potato vines on performance of growing rabbits. Report and Opinion 6(8): 60-66.
Ghasemi E, Ghorbani GR and Khorvash M, 2016. Effect of feeding untreated wheat straw or ensiled wheat straw treated with NaoH, molasses and wheat grain on performance of lactating dairy cows. Animal Science Journal (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi) 112:33-46. (In Persian)
Ghiasvand M, Rezayazdi K and Dehghan Banadaki M, 2013. The effects of different processing methods on chemical composition and ruminal degradability of canola straw and its effect on fattening performance of male Holstein calves. Journal of Animal Science Research 22:93-104. (In Persian)
Ghoorchi T and Ghorbani B, 2011. Rumen Microbiology. Gorgan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Publications. 169 pages. (In Persian)
Ghoorchi T and Seyed Almoosavi SMM, 2018. Ruminant Nutration Principles Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Publications. (In Persian)
Giang HH, Ly V and Ogle B, 2004. Digestibility of dried and ensiled sweet potato roots and vines and their effect on the performance and economic efficiency of F1 cross bred fattening pigs. LRRD 16.7.
Grant RJ, Colenbrander VF and Mertens DR, 1990. Milk fat depression in dairy cows: role of particle size of alfalfa hay. Journal of Dairy Science 73:1823-1833.
Grasser LA, Fadel JG, Garnett I and DePeters EJ. 1995. Quantity and economic importance of nine selected by-products used in California dairy rations. Journal of Dairy Science 78:962–971.
Hatfield RD and Weimer PJ, 1995. Degradation characteristics of isolated and in situ cell wall lucerne pectic polysaccharides by mixed ruminal microbes. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 69:185-196.
Huntington GB, Harmon DL and Richards CJ, 2006. Sites, rates, and limits of starch digestion and glucose metabolism in growing cattle. Journal of Animal Science 84: 14–24.
Janjan A, 2000. Use of diets containing different levels of leaves and stems of silage potato with molasses in feeding growing lambs. Natural Resources and Livestock Affairs Research Center of Hamadan Province.
Kebede T, Lemma T, Tadesse E and Guu M, 2008. Effect of level substitution of sweet potato vines for concentrate on body weight gain and carcass characteristics of browsing Arsi Bale. Journal of Cell and Animal Biology 22: 36-42.
Kleinschmit DH, Schingoethe DJ, Hippen AR and Kalscheur KF, 2007. Dried distillers grains plus solubles with corn silage or alfalfa hay as the primary forage source in dairy cow diets. Journal of Dairy Science 90(12):5587-5599.
Konig H, 1953. Investigations concerning the action of solanine in cattle and sheep in connection with feeding potato foliage. Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde 95:97–118.
Kulathunga KMWH, Shantha KYHD and Nayananjalie WAD, 2015. Preparation of Cattle Feed Blocks Using Agricultural Wastes. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies (IJMS) 2 (1): 73-80.
Lachica M, Aguilera JF and Prieto C, 1997. Energy expenditure related to the act of eating in Granadina goats given diets of different physical form. British Journal of Nutrition 77: 417-426.
Lashkari S, Taghizadeh A, Seifdavati J and Salem AZM, 2014. Qualitative characteristics, microbial populations and nutritive values of orange pulp ensiled with nitrogen supplementation. Slovak Journal of Animal Science 47(2): 90-99.
Malechy M, Ghadbeigi M, Aliarabi H, Bahri AA and Zaboli K, 2017. Effect of replacing alfalfa with processed potato vines on growth performance, ruminal and total tract digestibility and bloodmetabolites in fattening lambs. Small Ruminant Research 146:13-22.
Marie M, 1999. Links between nutrition and reproduction in cattle. Development of feed supplementation strategies for improving the productivity of dairy cattle on smallholder farms in Africa. IAEA-TECDOC, 1102. Pp: 9-23.
McDonald P, Edwards RA, Greenhalgh JFD, Morgan CA, Sinclair LA and Wilkinson RG, 2011. Animal Nutrition. 7th ed., Longman Group United Kingdom Harlow. P: 693.
Mehrani K, 2019. The effect of different level potato on performance, digestibility and ruman blood parameters in Ewe. M.Sc thesis. Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources.Iran. (In Persian)
Merchen NR, 1988. Digestion, absorption and excretion in ruminants. Page 172 in the Ruminant Animal: Digestive Physiology and Nutrition. D.C. Church, ed. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Merck Veterinary M, 2009. Serum Biochemical Reference Ranges. Available at: www.merckvetmanual.com. Accessed March.
Mertens DR, 1997. Creating a system for meeting the fiber requirements of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 80 (7):1463-1481.
Moayer A, 1995. Investigation of how to use potato stalks in animal feed (wet, dried and silage). Natural Resources and Livestock Affairs Research Center of Hamadan Province.
Mohammadi-Mehr A, Ghasemi E and Khorvash M, 2018. Effect of partial replacement of alfalfa hay with wheat straw on digestibility and growth performance of fattening male lambs. Research on Animal Production 19:39-47. (In Persian)
Mokhtarpour A and Jahantigh M, 2016. Intake, Digestibility and blood metabolites of Sistani heifers fed urea treated common reed. Journal of Ruminant Research 4:133-148. (In Persian)
Morris SC and Lee TH, 1984. The toxicity and teratogenicity of Solanaceae glycoalkaloids, particularly those of the potato (Solanum tuberosum): a review. Food Technology Australia 36: 118–124.
Nagaraja TG and Titgemeyer EC, 2007. Ruminal Acidosis in Beef Cattle: The current microbiological and nutritional outlook. Journal of Dairy Science 90: 17–38.
National Research Council, 2000. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle: Seventh Revised Edition: Update 2000. National Academic Press: Washington, DC.
Ndlovu T, Chimonyo M, Okoh AI, Muchenje V, Dzama K, Dube S and Raats JG, 2009. A comparison of nutritionally-related blood metabolites among Nguni, Bonsmara and Angus steers raised on sweetveld. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research 179(2): 273-281.
 NRC, 2007. Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants. Sheep, Goats, Cervids and New World Camelids. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Nicholson JWG, Young DA, McQueen RE, De Jong H and Wood FA, 1978. The feeding value potential of potato vines. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 58: 559–569.
Parfitt SJ, Peloquin SJ and Jorgensen NA, 1982. The nutritional value of pressed potato vine silage. American Journal of Potato Research 59: 415–423.
Pasandi M, Kavian A and Pourghafoor P, 2011. Use of soy straw as a fodder in feeding fattening male calves, 3rd International Seminar on Oilseeds and Edible Oils. Tehran. (In Persian)
Poore MH, Moore JA, Swingle RS, Eck TP and Brown WH, 1993. Response of lactating Holstein cows to diets varying in fiber source and ruminal starch degradability. Journal of Dairy Science 76(8): 2235-2243.
Prasad M, Reddy R and Reddy GVN, 1998. Effect of feeding baled and stacked urea treated rice straw on the performance of crossbred cows. Animal Feed Science and Technology 73: 3.347-352.
Rooke JA, Moss AR, Mathers AI and Crawshaw R, 1997. Assessment using sheep of the nutritive value of liquid potato feed and partially fried potato chips (French fries). Animal Feed Science and Technology 64:243–256.
Rosler DK, Ferguson JD, Sniffen CJ and Letrrema J, 1993. Dietary protein degradability effects on plasma and milk urea nitrogen and milk non protein nitrogen in Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science 16(2): 525- 534.
Roubies N, Panousis N, Fytianou A, Katsoulos PD, Giadinis N and Karatzias H, 2006. Effects of age and reproductive stage on certain serum biochemical parameters of Chios sheep under Greek rearing conditions. Journal of Veterinary Medicine 53:277–281.
Salehi S, Bahmani HR, Ebn Abbasi R and Vakake Khanian S, 2009. Feeding the aerial parts of the potato plant in fattening growing lambs.Third Iranian Congress of Animal Sciences - Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. (In Persian)
Salehi S, Lashkari S, Ebne Abbasi R and Kamangar H, 2014. Nutrient digestibility and chemical composition of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) vine as alternative forage in ruminant diets. Agricultural Communications 2(1): 63-66.
SAS, 2003. Statistical Analysis System, User’s Guide: Statistics. Version 9.1. SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA.
Sebastian Mlay P, Pereka A, Baltazary S, Hvelplund T, Weisbjerg MR and Madsen J, 2005. The effect of source and level of nitrogen supplementation on feed intake, microbial protein synthesis and nitrogen metabolism in mature heifers fed poor quality hay. Veterinarski Arhiv 75(2):137-151.
Silanikove N and Tiomkin D, 1992. Toxicity induced by poultry litter consumption: effect on parameters reflecting liver function in beef cows. Journal of Animal Health and Production 54(2): 203-209.
Sobhanirad S, Behgar M, Vakili R and Elahi Torshizi M, 2013. Effect of Gamma Irradiation and Chemical Process on Gas Production Parameters of some Agricultural By-products in in vitro. Iranian Journal of Animal Science Research 4:316-322 (In Persian)
Stanley CC, 2005. Regulation of Glucose Metabolism in Dairy Cattle. Department of dairy Science. Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA.
Stauffer MD, Chubey BB and Dorrel DG, 1975. Jarusalem artichoke. Formulating the potential of a new crop. Agricultural Credit Act No 20: 34-35.
Synder LJU, Luginbuhl JM, Mueller JP, Conrad AP and Turner KE, 2006. Intake, digestibility and nitrogen utilization of Robinia pseudoacacia foliage fed to growing goat wethers. Available online at: Science direct.com.
Valizadeh R and Sobhanirad S, 2009. The potential of agro-industrial by-products as feed sources for livestock in Khorasan Razavi province of Iran. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 8: 2375–2379.
Van Keulen J and Young BA, 1977. Evaluation of acid-insoluble ash as a natural marker in ruminant digestibility studies. Journal of Animal Science 44(2): 282-287.
Van Soest PJ, 1994. Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant. 2nd ed. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY.
Van Soest PJ, Robertson J and Lewis BA, 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74: 3583–3597.
Vinardell MP, 1987. Age influences on intestinal sugar absorption. Comparative Biochemistry & Physiology. 86, 617–623.
Walker AM, 1997. The effect of α-solanine on acetylcholinesterase activity in vitro: an examination of undocumented beliefs. Unpublished thesis, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba.
Zereu G, Negesse T and Nurfeta A, 2014. Chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility of vines and roots of four sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) varieties grown in southern Ethiopia. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems 17: 547- 555.
Zobdeh MR, 2005. Investigation of the possibility of using dried potato leaves and stems in feeding Mehraban breeding lambs. Ministry of Jihad Agriculture, Agricultural Research and Education Organization. Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Hamadan Province. (In Persian)
پژوهش های علوم دامی (دانش کشاورزی)
دوره 32، شماره 4
اسفند 1401
صفحه 43-60

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 16 اسفند 1399
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 02 آذر 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 03 آذر 1400

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار