Effect of linoleic acid conjugate (CLA) on production performance, energy balance, milk production and its compositions and some blood parameters in Holstein dairy cows during transition period

Introduction: conjugated linoleic acid is used as an energy and functional food in a Holstein cattle feed ration and have beneficial effects on the Holstein cattle diet in different periods.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of CLA fat supplementation on production performance, energy balance, milk production and its compositions and some blood parameters in Holstein dairy cows during transition period.
Material and methods: In this study, 18 male Holstein dairy cows of 4 years old with a history of two breeding weighing 600 ± 50 kg, mean daily milk production of 30 ± 5 kg, and a BCS of about 3 with the same environmental conditions were used. The main difference was in the energy of supplementary diet and fat used in the groups. The control group consumed palm fat powder from the rumen as a source of palmitic and oleic acid (120 grams per day for each cow). The second group consumed a CLA supplement for 120 g/day from the rumen as a source of trans-10 Cis-12 CLA and Cis-9 trans-11 CLA. The third group consumed fat supplements (120 Grams of fatty acids per day containing 0 and 80 g of conjugated mixed linoleic acid isomers per day). The diets of cows were formulated and balanced based on their predictive requirements (NRC 2001), for energy, protein, minerals and vitamins. After determining the cows BCS, uniforming and random selection of treatments, the treatment started two weeks before delivery and continued until 2 months after it. Dairy fat supplements were fed twice daily at 8:00 am and 7:00 pm, and water was available to them throughout the treatment. The cows were 3 times milked daily and the daily milk production was recorded and then evaluated. Each week, milk samples were taken for analysis of milk compounds, and they were stored at 4 ° C with a preservative (Bronopal).
For fatty acid analysis, milk samples were taken once a week and were kept at -20 ° C until analysis of fatty acids. Blood sampling was carried out intravenous from the tails two weeks before delivery, and, then, once a week until 60 days of lactation at 7 o'clock (before the morning meal) using heparin tubes. Blood samples were transferred to the laboratory on ice. In order to obtain blood plasma, the blood samples were centrifuged in a laboratory at 3000 rpm for 15 minutes at 4 ° C and, then, the collected plasmas were divided in two tubes and stored at 15 ° C for analysis of metabolites and hormones. To evaluate the effect of different sources of CLA supplementation on the production and composition of milk and the energy balance BCS, blood metabolites were evaluated.
Results and discussion: In this study, the BCS showed the effects of conjugated linoleic acid consumption and fat supplementation on the mean score of BCS. Its changes on Holstein dairy cows were recorded and It was shown that the changes in BCS were 0.96, 0.72 and 0.66 percent (p˂0.05). The effects of conjugated linoleic acid and fat supplements on diets had a significant effect on the production of cows in this study (p˂0.05).
The milk productions in control groups, fat supplement and conjugated fatty acid were 36, 35.2 and 37.6 kg/day, respectively, indicating a significant difference between the three diet groups (p˂0.05). In this experiment, the addition of conjugated linoleic acid and fat supplements to the diary diet showed a significant effect in this study (P˂0.05). There was a significant difference in comparison of milk composition in the three groups regarding protein, lactose and total milk solids as shown in Table 2 (p˂0.05). The effects of using conjugated linoleic acid and fat supplements on blood parameters in Holstein dairy cows showed that cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, VLDL, NEFA, BHB, adding CLA supplements and fat supplements to diet had significant effects on the cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL, LDL, VLDL, NEFA and BHB of cows in this study (p˂0.05).
There was a significant difference in comparison of milk composition in the three groups regarding protein, lactose and total milk solids as shown in Table 2 (p˂0.05). The effects of using conjugated linoleic acid and fat supplements on blood parameters in Holstein dairy cows showed that cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, VLDL, NEFA, BHB, adding CLA supplements and fat supplements to diet had significant effects on the cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL, LDL, VLDL, NEFA and BHB of cows in this study (p˂0.05).

There was a significant difference in comparison of milk composition in the three groups regarding protein, lactose and total milk solids as shown in Table 2 (p˂0.05). The effects of using conjugated linoleic acid and fat supplements on blood parameters in Holstein dairy cows showed that cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, VLDL, NEFA, BHB, adding CLA supplements and fat supplements to diet had significant effects on the cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL, LDL, VLDL, NEFA and BHB of cows in this study (p˂0.05).
There was a significant difference in comparison of milk composition in the three groups regarding protein, lactose and total milk solids as shown in Table 2 (p˂0.05). The effects of using conjugated linoleic acid and fat supplements on blood parameters in Holstein dairy cows showed that cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, VLDL, NEFA, BHB, adding CLA supplements and fat supplements to diet had significant effects on the cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL, LDL, VLDL, NEFA and BHB of cows in this study (p˂0.05).
Conclusion: The results showed that supplementation of conjugated linoleic acid in Holstein cattle during the transfusion period can increase the BCS of milking cows, their milk and protein production, and their lactose and total milk solids. Moreover, the conjugated linoleic acid enhanced some blood parameters that during the transition period.