Acamovic T and Brooker J D, 2005. Biochemistry of plant secondary metabolites and their effects in animals. Proceeding of the Nutrition Society 64: 403-412.
Amoozmehr A and Dastar B, 2009. Effect of alcoholic extract of two herbs (garlic and thymus) on the performance and blood lipids of broiler chickens. Journal of Agriculture Science and Natural Resources 16: 20-28.
Barrow PA, 1992. Probiotics for chickens. Pp. 225-259. In: Probiotics, the Scientific Basis. R. Fuller (Ed). Chapman & Hall, London.
Baurhoo B, Ferket P and Zhao X, 2009. Effects of diets containing different concentrations of mannan-oligosaccharide or antibiotics on growth performance, intestinal development, cecal and litter microbial populations, and carcass parameters of broilers. Poultry Science 88: 2262-2272.
Biggs P, Parsons CM and Fahey GC, 2007. The effects of several oligosaccharides on growth performance, nutrient digestibilities and cecal microbial populations in young chicks. Poultry Science 86: 36-2327.
Campbell TW, 1997. Avian Hematology and Cytology. Pp. 181- 190. Ames, IA, Iowa State University Press.
Chen YC, Nakthong C and Chen TC, 2005. Improvement of laying hen performance by dietary prebiotic chicory oligofructose and inulin. International Journal of Poultry Science 4: 170-178.
Duncan DB, 1995. Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics 11: 1-42.
Fernandez F, Hinton M and Van Gils B, 2002. Dietary mannan-oligosaccharides and their effect on chicken caecal microflora in relation to Salmonella enteritidis colonization. Avian Pathology 31: 49–58.
Finke B, Stahl B, Pritschet M, Facius D, Wolfgang J and Boehm G, 2002. Preparative continuous annular chromatography (P-CAC) enables the large-scale fractionation of fructans. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50: 4743-4748.
Flickinger EA, Van Loo J and Fahey GC, 2003. Nutritional responses to the presence of inulin and oligofructose in the diets of domesticated animals. A review. Food Science and Nutrition 43: 19-60.
Fushimi T and Sato Y, 2005. Effect of acetic acid feeding on the circadian changes in glycogen and metabolites of glucose and lipid in liver and skeletal muscle of rats. British Journal of Nutrition 94: 714-719.
Gibson GR and Fuller R, 2000. Aspects of in vitro and in vivo research approaches directed toward identifying probiotics and prebiotics for human use. Journal of Nutrition 130: 391S-395S.
Gibson GR and Wang X, 1994. Regulatory effects of bifidobacteria on the growth of other colonic bacteria. Journal Applied Bacteriology 77: 412–420.
Helander LM, Alakomi HL, Latva-Kala K, Mattila-Sandholm T, Pol I, Smid EJ, Gorris LGM and Von Wright A, 1998. Characterization of the action of selected essential oil components on Gram-negative bacteria. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 46: 3590-3595.
Hashemi SR, Zulkifli I, Zunita Z, Hair-Bejo M, Loh TC and Somchit MN, 2009. Effects of dietary supplementation with Euphorbia hirta and acidifier on performance and Salmonella colonization in broiler chickens. Pp. 69-70. Proceedings of the 30th Malaysian Society of Animal Production Annual Conference, 2-5 June, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.
Hedayati M and Manafi M, 2015. Comparison Study of immune stimulant herbal compound and a commercial probiotic containing lactobacilli on blood biochemical parameters, Immune response and intestinal bacterial counts of broiler chickens.
Research in Animal Nutrition 1(2): 51-60. (In Persian)
Hooge DM, 2004. Meta-analysis of broiler chicken pen trials evaluating dietary mannan oligosaccharide, 1993–2003. International Journal of Poultry Science 3: 74-163.
Ivarsson E, Frankow-Lindberg BE, Andersson HK and Lindberg JE, 2011. Growth performance, digestibility and faecal coliform bacteria in weaned piglets fed a cereal-based diet including either chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) or ribwort (Plantagolanceolata L.) forage. Animal Science 5: 558-564.
Izadi H, Arshami J, Golian A and Raji MR, 2013. Effects of chicory root powder on growth performance and histomorphometry of jejunum in broiler chicks.
Veterinary Research Forum 4(3): 169-174.
Jafari B, rezaie A and Habibi E, 2011. Comparative effect of Chicory (Cichoriumintybus L.) and Nigella sativa extract with an antibiotic on different parameters of broiler chickens. Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences 1: 525-528.
Jamroz D, Orda J, Kamel C, Williczkiewicz A, Wertelecki T and Skorupin’Ska J, 2003. The influence of phytogenic extract on performance, nutrients digestibility, carcass characteristic and gut microbial status in broiler chickens. Journal of Animal Feed Science 12: 583-596.
Janardhana V, Mary M, Matthew P, John W, Mark S, Robert J and Andrew GD, 2009. Prebiotics modulate immune responses in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue of chickens. Journal of Nutrition 139: 1404-1409.
Jin LZ, Ho YW, Abdullah N and Jalaludin S, 2000. Digestive and bacterial enzyme activities in broilers fed diets supplemented with Lactobacillus cultures. Poultry Science 79: 886-891.
Kelly KA, Nelson PD and Buddington RK, 2003. Dietary oligofructose and inulin modulate immune functions in mice. Nutrition Research 23: 257-267.
Kolida S and Gibson GR, 2007. Prebiotic capacity of inulin type fructans. Journal of Nutrition 137: 2503S-2506S.
Konturek SJ, Radecki T and Piastucki I, 1986. Anti-ulcer and gastro-protective effect of colon, synthetic flavonoids derivative of sophoradin. European Journal of Pharmacology 21: 6-10.
Lavinia S, Dumitrescu G, Drinceanu D and Stef D, 2009. The effect of medicinal plants and plant extracted oils on broiler duodenum morphology and immunological profile of broiler. Romanian Biotechnological Letters 9: 1906-1914.
Liu HY, Ivarsson E, Jonsson L, Holm L, Lundh T and Lindberg JE, 2011. Growth performance, digestibility, and gut development of broiler chickens on diets with inclusion of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) Poultry Science 90: 815-823.
Margeretha I, Suniarti D, Herda E and Alim Mas’ud Z, 2012. Optimization and comparative study of different extraction methods of biologically active components of Indonesian propolis Trigona spp. Journal of Natural Products 5: 233-242.
Miller TL and Wolin MJ, 1974. A serum bottle modification of the Hungate technique for cultivating obligate anaerobes. Applied Microbiology 27: 985-987.
Monsan PF and Paul F, 1995. Oligosaccharide feed additive. Pp: 233-245. In: Proceeding Biotechnology Animal feed and feeding. Edit Wallace R. J. and Chesson, A. VCH: New York.
Mroz Z, Koopmans SJ, Bannink A, Partanen K, Krasucki W, Øverland M and Radcliffe S, 2006. Carboxylic acids as bioregulators and gut growth promoters in non-ruminants. Pp. 81-133. In: Biology of Nutrition in Growing Animals (R. Mosenthin, J. Zentek, T.Żebrowska, Eds). Elsevier, Edinburgh (UK).
Najafi P and Torki M, 2010. Performance, blood metabolites and immunocompetaence of broiler chicks fed diets included essential oils of medicinal herbs. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 9: 1164-1168.
National Research Council, 1994. Nutrient requirements of poultry. 9th revised edition. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
Newman EK, 1999. Feeds with antibiotic growth promoters-The oligosaccharide alternative. Biotechnology responds. Alltech's 1999 European, Middle Eastern and African Lec Toure.
Patterson JA and Burkolder KM, 2003. Application of prebiotics and probiotics in poultry production. Poultry Science 82: 627-631.
Rao RR, Platel K and Srinivasan K, 2003. In vitro influence of spices and spice-active principles on digestive enzymes of rate pancreas and small intestine. Nahrung 47: 408-412.
Rakhshan M, Mosavi SN and Zagari M, 2010. Effect of biomos on intestinal morphology and cecal bacterial count in broiler. Pp. 703-706. In: 4th Iranian Animal Science Congress.
Rehman H, Rosenkranz C, Böhm J and Zentek J, 2007. Dietary inulin affects the morphology but not the sodium-dependent glucose and glutamine transport in the jejunum of broilers. Poultry Science 86: 118-122.
Roberfroid MB, 1998. Prebiotics and synbiotics: concepts and nutritional properties. British Journal of Nutrition 80: 197-202.
Roberfroid M, 2007. Prebiotics: The concept revisited. Journal of Nutrition 137: 830S-837S.
Safamehr A, Nobakht A and Feizi M, 2012. The effects of using different levels of chicory (
Cichorium intybus) medicinal plant on performance and Biochemical in broiler chickens. Journal of Animal Science and Research
91(3): 19-31
Samman S and Cook NC, 1996. Flavonoids chemistry, metabolism, cardio protective effects, and dietary sources. Journal of Nutrition Biochemistry 7: 66-76.
SAS Institute. 2003. SAS® User's Guide: Statistics. Version & Edition. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
Shang HM, Hu TM, Lu YJ and Wu HX, 2010. Effects of inulin on performance, egg quality, gut microflora and serum and yolk cholesterol in laying hens. British of Poultry Science 51(6): 791-796.
Spence KM, 2002. In vivo evaluation of immunomodulatory properties of crude extracts of Echinacea species and fractions isolated from Echinacea purpurea. Journal of Chemical, Biological and Physical Science 3-7.
Spring P, Wenk C, Dawson KA and Newman KE, 2000. The effects of dietary mannan-oligosaccharides on cecal parameters and the concentrations of enteric bacteria in the ceca of salmonella-challenged broiler chicks. Poultry Science 79: 205-211.
Van Leeuwen P and Verdonk JM, 2004. The gastro-intestinal degradation of inulin preparations and their effects on production performance and gut microflora in calves. Animal Science Group 4: 1-31.
Velasco SA, Ortiz LT, Alzueta C, Rebole A, Trevino J and Rodriguez ML, 2010. Effect of inulin supplementation and dietary fat source on performance, blood serum metabolites, liver lipids, abdominal fat deposition, and tissue fatty acid composition in broiler chickens. Poultry Science 89:1651-1662.
Walker A, 1996. Use of plant foods as medicines. British Nutrition Foundation 21: 26-34.
Watzl B, Girrbach S and Roller M, 2005. Inulin, oligofructose and immunomodulation. British Journal of Nutrition 93(1): 49-55.
Weilen PWJJVD, Biesterveld S, Notermans S, Hofstra H, Vrlings BAP and Knapen FV, 2000. Role of volatile fatty acids in development of the cecal microflora in broiler chickens during growth. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66: 2536-2540.
Xu Z, Hu C, Xia M, Zhan X and Wang M, 2003. Effects of dietary fructo-oligosaccharide on digestive enzyme activities, intestinal microflora and morphology of male broilers. Poultry Science 82: 1030-1036.
Yusrizal S and Chen TC, 2003. Effect of adding chicory fructons in feed on broiler growth performance, serum cholesterol and intestinal length. International Journal of Poultry Science 2: 214-219.
Zargari A, 2010. Medicinal Plants. 4th Edition. Pp. 212-220. Tehran University Press.
)