The determination of the nutritive value of Chlorella Vulgaris by in situ and gas production techniques and it’s an effect on ruminal metabolites

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agiculture, Univercity of Tabriz, City of Parsabad, Iran

Abstract

Introduction: Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms that have the ability to convert sunlight and carbondioxide (CO2) to highly valuable biomass. Algal biomass production has advantages such as use of water that is unsuitable for humans and minimum competition for land with crops. Due to their contents of essential amino acids, fatty acids and other healthpromoting
nutrients, microalgae are attractive feeds or feed supplements for livestock .
Chlorella vulgaris is a single-celled freshwater microalgae and contains the highest amount of
chlorophyll of any common plant, with protein content of about 600 g/kg dry matter (DM) and 18
amino acids as well as vitamins and minerals.Moreover, it contains some other important dietarycomponents such as unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), glycoproteins and carotenoids. Chlorella vulgaris contains a phyto-nutrient called Chlorella Growth Factor (CGF), comprised mainly of nucleic acids and other essential substances, with detoxification and antioxidant properties (Han et al. 2002). Rrecent studies (Anele et al. 2016) reported that C. vulgaris improved bacterial growth and a shift in the ruminal biohydrogenation pathway by stimulating production of trans C18:1, trans-11 C18:1 fatty acids, monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Algaes are the simplest organisms with chlorophyll. There are three differences between algae and other plants. First, algae lack root, stem and leave; Secondly, there have no protective cells around the organs or reproductive structures of the algae; thirdly, the fetus does not appear in the algae. Algae is a super feed that can solve the future nutritional problems of the world. Now, regional and global drought and an international catastrophe for food, replacing forage with algae in livestock feed is part of the anti-drought protocol in the field the livestock industry. Algae contain amino acids, vitamins and rare elements that enhance the overall immune system. High chlorophyll content and their phytochemical substances prevent their cellular damage due to their antioxidant function and help them to detoxify the body. Also, algae has lower fat and higher fiber content than other protein sources. Beta-carotene helps these aquatic control the body against various types of malignancies and cardiovascular disease. It is also believed that phacocianine algae strengthens the immune system. Each kilogram of dry algae has 2 grams of pure protein and 2 grams of fiber and the amount of digestible energy in ruminants is 2.66 to 6.62 kcal/gr of dry matter. Various studies of the cell wall resistance of algae against digestion have been reported as one of the main reasons for the reduction of livestock utilization of its carbohydrate resources as energy. This is, of course, one of the major barriers to the practicality and use of algae as a feed ingredient. Objective: This study was carried out to the determination of nutritive value of Chlorella Vulgaris using invivo, nylon bag and gas production techniques in Gizel sheep. Material and methods: Different stages of the experiment were performed at the Animal Feeding Laboratory of Islamic Azad University, Maragheh Branch. For this purpose, 10 samples were randomly taken from the algae around the Urmia River (Naslochai, Shahrchai, etc.) from different parts of its mass. Then they were mixed and obtained as a blended sample and then the blend sample was air dried and transferred to the Animal Nutrition Laboratory. Samples were prepared after grinding with a 2 mm sieve for chemical analysis and measurement of chemical constituents. Two fistulae Gizel sheep with average BW 50.5±2.5 kg for in situ test and four Gizel sheep with average BW 36 ± 2.5 kg for invivo exam were used in a complete randomized design. In order to adapt the sheep to experimental diets, a 14-day period was considered. The length of the main project period was 7 days. The gas production was measured at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h and ruminal DM and CP disappearance were measured 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36 and 48 h. The rumen fluid was prepared from two fistula sheep fed for a month with 60% dietary nutrition and 40% high quality alfalfa. After a week, the main sample was rumen metabolites for protozoan counting. Sampling was done by the esophagus hose. The obtained data were analyzed in a completely randomized design with two treatments and three replications and analyzed by SAS software. Results: According to the results of this experiment, green algae has a relatively high protein level, and even its protein content is higher than forage and some concentrates. The degradability values of dry matter and crude protein of green algae increased at different times of incubation. Dry matter degradabilities at 48 h was 53.66 and crude protein degradabilities at same times was 46.36. Considering the results of this study, the amount of green algae gas production at different incubation hours is relatively low but increased at different times. The amount of green algae gas produced is relatively low, The gas production of Chlorella Vulgaris at 72 h was 116.99 ml/g DM. In this study, green alga treatment did not have a significant effect on the holotriches, diplodilinium and anthodynium, but resulted in a significant increase in the epidimium population (P <0.05). Conclusion: Results shows that increase ruminal Ipidinium papulation that showed significant differences (p<0.05).Chlorella Vulgaris showed high ruminal degradability as same as alfalfa, and it can be used instead of alfalfa. Conclusion: According to the results obtained in this study, given that the population of microorganisms has increased, green algae can be used as an edible raw material in diet.

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Animal Science Research
Volume 34, Issue 4
April 2025
Pages 1-12

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History

  • Receive Date: 05 July 2019
  • Revise Date: 09 March 2020
  • Accept Date: 09 February 2022

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