The effects of different levels of Oak acorn on rumen and small intestine morphology and gastrointestinal pH of Markhoz goat kids

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

a


قادری قهفرخی م، صادقی ماهونک ع، اعلمی م، قربانی م و عزیزی م ح، 1390. ارزیابی فعالیت ضد رادیکالی، قدرت احیاء کنندگی و ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره فنولی یک واریته بلوط (Q.branti var. persica). مجله پژوهشهای صنایع غذایی، شماره 1، صحفه‌های 104-93.
بهادری م، 1375. فن آسیب شناسی و روشهای رنگ آمیزی عمومی تألیف. چاپ دوم. انتشارات دانشگاه تهران، صفحه‌های  177-183.
ورمقانی ص، یعقوبفر ا، قره داغی ع و جعفری ه، 1385. استفاده از میوه بلوط تانن گیری شده در جیره های غذایی جوجه های گوشتی. پژ وهش و سازندگی. امور دام و آبزیان، شماره 70، صفحه‌های 80-50.
AOAC, 1990. Official Methods of Analyses, 15th edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA.
Ben Salem H, Nefzaoui A, Makkar HPS, Hochlef H, Ben Salem I and Ben Salem L, 2005. Effect of early experience and adaptation period on voluntary intake, digestion, and growth in Barbarine lambs given tannin-containing (Acacia cyanophylla Lindl. foliage) or tannin-free (oaten hay) diet. Anim Feed Sci Technol 122: 59–77.
Chung K T, Wong TY, Wel CI, Huang YW and Lin Y, 1998. Tannins and human health: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 38: 421-464.
Crouse D, Protocol 10% Neutral Buffered Formalin. Creighton University. Available at: http://www.creighton.edu/.
Farrell DJ, Perez-Maldonado RA and Brooker JD, 1999. Tannins in feedstuffs used in the diets of pigs and poultry in Australia. Tannins in Livestock and Human Nutrition: Proceedings of an International Workshop. Agri Food Sci 3: 24-29.
Frutos P, Hervas G, Giraldez FJ and Mantecon AR, 2004. Review. Tannins and ruminant nutrition. Span J Agric Res 2: 191-202.
Makkar HPS, 2003. Effects and fate of tannins in ruminant animals, adaptation to tannins, and strategies to overcome detrimental effects of feeding tannin-rich feeds. Small Rumin Res 49: 241–256.
Min BR, Pinchak WE, Anderson RC, Fulford JD and Puchala R, 2006. Effects of condensed tannins supplementation level on weight gain and in vitro and in vivo bloat precursors in steers grazing winter wheat. J Anim Sci 84: 2546-2554.
National Research Council (NRC), 2007. Nutrient requirements of small ruminant. (National Academy Press: Washington, DC).
Odenyo AA, McSweeney CS, Palmer B, Negassa D and Osuji PO, 1999. In vitro screening of rumen fluid samples from indigenous African ruminants provides evidence for rumenfluid with superior capacities to digest tanninrich fodders. Aust J Agric Res 50: 1147–1157.
Reed JD, 1995. Nutritional toxicology of tannins and relatedpolyphenols in foragelegumes. J Anim Sci 73: 1516-1528.
SAS Institute. 2001. SAS/STAT User, Guide. Release Version 9.1. SAS Institute Inc. Cary. NC.
Walton JP, Waghorn GC, Plaizier JC, Birtles M and McBride BW, 2001. Influence of condensed tannins on gut morphology in sheep fed Lotus pedunculatus. Can J Anim Sci 81: 605-609.
Wang YH, Xu M, Wang FN, Yu ZP, Yao JH, Zan LS and Yang FX, 2008. Effect of dietary starch on rumen and small intestine morphology and digesta pH in goats. Livest Sci 122: 48-52.
Xu M, Dang Y, Du S, Hao YS, Wang YH, Wang FN and Yao JH, 2009. Effect of corn particle size on mucosal morphology and digesta pH of garstrointestinal tract in growing goat. Livest Sci 123: 34-37.
Zitnan R, Kuhla S, Nurnberg K, Schonhusben U, Ceresnakova Z, Sommer A, Baran M, Greserova G and Voligt J, 2003. Influence of the diet on morphology of ruminal and intestinal mucosa and on intestinal carbohydrase levels in cattel. Vet Med 48: 177-182.
Zitnan R, Kuhla S, Sanftleben P, Bilska A, Schneider F, Zupcanova M and Voigt J, 2005. Diet induced ruminal papillae development in neonatal calves not correlating with rumen butyrate. Vet Med 50: 472–479.
Zitnan R, Voigt J, Schönhusen U, Wegner J, Kokardova M, Hagemeister H, Levkut M, Kuhla S and Sommer A, 1998.  Influence of dietary concentrate to forage ratio on the development of rumen mucosa in calves. Archiv für Tierernaehrung 51: 279–291.