Balch CC, 1971. Proposal to use time spent chewing as an index of the extent to which diets for ruminants possess the physical property of fibrousness characteristic of roughages. British Journal of Nutrition 26: 383-392.
Chemists AA, 1990. Official methods of analysis. Vol. I. 15th ed. AOAC, Arlington, VA.
Clark PW and Armentano LE, 1993. Effectiveness of Neutral Detergent Fiber in Whole Cottonseed and Dried Distillers Grains Compared with Alfalfa Haylage1. Journal of Dairy Science 76: 2644-2650.
Coblentz WK, Akins MS, Esser NM, Ogden RK and Gelsinger SL, 2018. Effects of straw processing and pen overstocking on the growth performance and sorting characteristics of diets offered to replacement Holstein dairy heifers. Journal of Dairy Science 101: 1074-1087.
DeVries TJ and von Keyserlingk MAG, 2009. Competition for feed affects the feeding behavior of growing dairy heifers. Journal of Dairy Science 92: 3922-3929.
DeVries TJ, Beauchemin KA, Dohme F and Schwartzkopf Genswein KS, 2009. Repeated ruminal acidosis challenges in lactating dairy cows at high and low risk for developing acidosis: Feeding, ruminating, and lying behavior. Journal of Dairy Science 92:5067–5078.
Greter AM, DeVries TJ and Von Keyserlingk MAG, 2008. Nutrient intake and feeding behavior of growing dairy heifers: Effects of dietary dilution. Journal of Dairy Science 91: 2786-2795.
Greter AM, Kitts BL and DeVries TJ, 2011. Limit feeding dairy heifers: Effect of feed bunk space and provision of a low-nutritive feedstuff. Journal of Dairy Science 94: 3124-3129.
Greter AM, Leslie KE, Mason GJ, McBride BW and DeVries TJ, 2010. Feed delivery method affects the learning of feeding and competitive behavior in dairy heifers. Journal of Dairy Science 93: 3730-3737.
Greter AM, Westerveld RS, Duffield TF, McBride BW, Widowski TM and DeVries TJ, 2013. Effects of frequency of feed delivery and bunk space on the feeding behavior of limit-fed dairy heifers. Journal of Dairy Science 96: 1803-1810.
Hoffman PC, Brehm NM, Price SG and Prill-Adams A, 1996. Effect of accelerated postpubertal growth and early calving on lactation performance of primiparous Holstein heifers. Journal of Dairy Science 79: 2024-2031.
SAS Institute, 2011. SAS/IML 9.3 user's guide. Sas Institute.
Keys JE and Pearson RE, 1980. Stocking density effect on weight gain of yearling Holstein heifers in freestall and loose housing. Journal of Dairy Science 63: 483-486.
Keys JE, Pearson RE and Thompson PD, 1978. Effect of Feedbunk Stocking Density on Weight Gains and Feeding Behavior of Yearling Holstein Heifers1. Journal of Dairy Science 61: 448-454.
Kitts BL, Duncan IJH, McBride BW and DeVries TJ, 2011. Effect of the provision of a low-nutritive feedstuff on the behavior of dairy heifers limit fed a high-concentrate ration. J Journal of Dairy Science 94: 940-950.
Kononoff PJ and Heinrichs AJ, 2003. The effect of reducing alfalfa haylage particle size on cows in early lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 86: 1445-1457.
Krause KM and Combs DK, 2003. Effects of forage particle size, forage source, and grain fermentability on performance and ruminal pH in midlactation cows. Journal of Dairy Science 86: 1382-1397.
Longenbach JI, Heinrichs AJ and Graves RE, 1999. Feed bunk length requirements for Holstein dairy heifers. Journal of Dairy Science 82: 99-109.
Luginbuhl JM, Pond KR, Burns JC and Russ JC, 1989. Effects of Ingestive Mastication on Particle Dimensions and Weight Distribution of Coastal Bermudagrass Hay Fed to Steers at Four Levels 1, 2. Journal of Animal Science 67: 538-546.
National Research Council, 2001. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. Washington, DC. National Academy of Sciences, 381.
Nikkhah A, Nesohi M and Zali A, 2005. Determine the particle size of alfalfa hay with Pennsylvania system and its effect on the Lactating Dairy Cows. Journal of Agricultural Sciences Iran 36:.
Teimouri Yansari A, Valizadeh R, Naserian A, Christensen DA, Yu P, Eftekhari Shahroodi F, 2004. Effects of Alfalfa Particle Size and Specific Gravity on Chewing Activity, Digestibility, and Performance of Holstein Dairy Cows. I Journal of Dairy Science 87: 3912–3924.
Wang HR, Chen Q, Chen LM, Ge RF, Wang MZ, Yu LH and Zhang J, 2017. Effects of dietary physically effective neutral detergent fiber content on the feeding behavior, digestibility, and growth of 8-to 10-month-old Holstein replacement heifers. Journal of Dairy Science 100 1161-1169.
Zebeli Q, Tafaj M, Junck B, Ölschläger V, Ametaj BN and Drochner W, 2008. Evaluation of the Response of Ruminal Fermentation and Activities of Nonstarch Polysaccharide-Degrading Enzymes to Particle Length of Corn Silage in Dairy Cows1. Journal of Dairy Science 91: 2388-2398.
)