تأثیر افزودن سطوح مختلف سین بیوتیک به شیر بر عملکرد، قابلیت هضم، فراسنجه‌های خونی و قوام مدفوع در بره‌های شیرخوار نژاد دالاق

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه تغذیه دام و طیور، دانشکده علوم دامی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

2 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

3 گروه علوم دامی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

چکیده

چکیده
زمینه مطالعاتی: مدیریت بره‌ها‌ی شیرخوار در سه ماه اول تضـمین کننـده سـلامت و تولیـد آینـده آنهـا اسـت. وضـعیت فیزیولوژیکی ویژه حیوان در این دوره شامل توانایی جذب مولکول درشت به‌ویژه ایمیونوگلوبولین‌ها از روده و مستعد بودن به عفونت روده و اسهال است. استفاده از آنتی بیوتیک در جیره غذایی حیوانات ، باکتری های مفید را از بین می برد و از سیستم ایمنی سلولی پشتیبانی خوبی نمی کند. بنابراین، جایگزینی آنتی بیوتیک ها با سایر ترکیبات مانند پربیوتیک ها ، پروبیوتیک ها و سینبیوتیک ها به عنوان یک راه حل مناسب در نظر گرفته می شود. هدف: این آزمایش به منظور بررسی تأثیر افزودن سطوح مختلف سین بیوتیک به شیر بر عملکرد، قابلیت هضم، فراسنجه‌های خونی و قوام مدفوع در بره‌های شیرخوار نژاد دالاق انجام شد. روش کار: 24رأس بره‌ی شیرخوار با متوسط وزن 7/1±5 کیلوگرم در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تیمار و شش تکرار مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. تیمارها شامل: 1) تیمار شاهد (بدون افزودن سین‌بیوتیک به شیر)، 2) تیمار دریافت کننده 5/2 گرم سین-بیوتیک، 3) تیمار دریافت کننده 5 گرم سین‌بیوتیک و 4) تیمار دریافت کننده 5/7 گرم سین‌بیوتیک بودند. طول دوره آزمایش 90 روز بود. جهت بررسـی تغییرات وزن، بره‌ها یک روز در هر هفته توزین شدند. اندازه‌گیری مصرف ماده‌ خشک و ثبت اسکور مدفوع به‌ صورت روزانه انجام شد. نمونه‌های مدفوع جهت انجام آزمایش قابلیت‌ هضم در هفته پایانی به مدت 5 روز جمع‌آوری گردید. خونگیری تمام بره‌ها از طریق ورید وداج در روز 83 انجام شد. نتایج: نتایج نشان داد که افزایش سطح سین‌بیوتیک در شیر، افزایش ماده خشک مصرفی، وزن روزانه و وزن پایان دوره را در پی دارد (05/0P˂) اما ضریب‌تبدیل غذایی تحت تاثیر مصرف سین‌بیوتیک قرار نگرفت (05/0P>). قابلیت هضم پروتئین خام، فیبر نامحلول در شوینده اسیدی، فیبر نامحلول در شوینده خنثی، ماده خشک، ماده آلی و عصاره اتری در بین تیمارهای آزمایشی تفاوت معنی داری نشان نداد (05/0P>). ایمونوگلوبولین‌ها در خون بره‌ها با افزایش سطح سین‌بیوتیک در شیر، افزایش یافت (05/0P˂) بطوریکه در تیمار 5/7 گرم سین‌ببیوتیک بیشترین و تیمار شاهد کمترین غلظت ایمونوگلوبولین‌ها را داشتند (05/0P˂). غلظت پروتئین کل، آلبومین، گلوبولین و نسبت آلبومین به گلوبولین خون تحت تاثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار نگرفت (05/0<P) اما غلظت کلــسترول، گلوکز، تــری‌گلیــسیرید، نیتروژن آمونیاکی، لیپوپروتئین های بـا چگـالی زیـاد، لیپـوپروتئین هـای بـا چگـالی کـم و لیپـوپروتئین هـای بـا چگـالی خیلی کـم تحت تاثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار گرفت (05/0P˂) بطوریکه افزایش سطح سین‌بیوتیک سبب افزایش تــری‌گلیــسیرید، لیپـوپروتئین هـای بـا چگـالی کـم و لیپـوپروتئین هـای بـا چگـالی خیلی کـم شده‌است (05/0P˂) ولی مصرف بیشتر سین‌بیوتیک در شیر کلــسترول، گلوکز، نیتروژن آمونیاکی و لیپـوپروتئین هـای بـا چگـالی زیـاد را کاهش داد (05/0P˂). نمره قوام مدفوع با افزایش سطح سین‌بیوتیک در شیر، کاهش معنی داری داشت به صورتی که در سطح 5 گرم سین‌ببیوتیک، کمترین نمره قوام و در تیمار شاهد، بیشترین نمره قوام مدفوع مشاهده شد (05/0P˂) روزهای ابتلا به اسهال اختلاف آماری نداشت ولی از نظر عددی تیمار شاهد بیشترین تعداد روزهای ابتلا به اسهال را داشت (05/0P>). نتیجه‌گیری نهایی: در مجموع با توجه به نتایج حاضر استفاده از سین‌بیوتیک در بره‌های شیرخوار جهت بهبود عملکرد و سلامتی دام توصیه می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of adding different levels of synbiotic to milk on performance, digestibility, blood parameters and fecal score on Dalaq sucking lambs

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abdolhakim Toghdory 1
  • Mohammad Asadi 2
  • Taghi Ghoorchi 3
1 Dept. of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of animal Science, Gorgan University of agricultural Science,
2 Ph.D. Student, Dept. of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
3 Gorgan University of Agricultural and Natural Resources
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Introduction: Management of suckling lambs in the first trimester guarantees their health and future production. Animal specific physiological status during this period includes the ability to absorb large molecules, especially immunoglobulins, from the gut and to be prone to intestinal infections and diarrhea. Artificial changes in the lamb intestine flora may improve the intestinal environment. The use of antibiotics in the diet of animals kills beneficial bacteria and does not support the cellular immune system well, and overuse of antibiotics increases bacterial resistance to them. Therefore, replacing antibiotics with other compounds such as prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics is considered as a suitable solution. These compounds have positive effects such as reducing intestinal infections and diarrhea by increasing the microbial balance of the intestine and increasing the absorption of nutrients including immunoglobulins. Synbiotics is a combination of probiotics and prebiotics that reduce the population of pathogenic microbes in the gastrointestinal tract by increasing their interaction. These compounds can also improve food conversion ratio. Synbiotics can have a positive effect on lamb health and growth rate.
Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of adding different levels of synbiotics to milk on performance, digestibility, blood parameters and fecal score on Dalaq sucking lambs. In this study, 24 suckling lambs with an average weight of 5 ±1.7 kg were selected and then all lambs were examined thoroughly to ensure their health and performance. Lambs were randomly used in four equal experimental groups (6 heads). Treatments include: 1) control treatment (without adding synbiotic to milk), 2) treatment receiving 2.5 g of synbiotic, 3) treatment receiving 5 g of synbiotic and 4) treatment receiving 7.5 g of synbiotic. The total duration of the experiment was 90 days, but feeding and recording of functional factors started from day 20 of the period .The lambs were kept in metabolic cages and the diets used in this experiment were prepared and adjusted based on NRC and were given to the lambs in the morning (8 o'clock) and in the evening (16 o'clock) as an appetite suppressant. Daily feed was provided to the lambs in a completely mixed form. Throughout the experiment, lambs had free access to clean drinking water. Daily feed was provided to the animals in a completely mixed form. In this study, a commercial synbiotic product (GmbH, BIOMIN) of Herzogenburg, Austria including Enterococcus faecium, fructooligosaccharide and seaweed extract through milk substitute was used. Milk was given to lambs twice a day (10% of body weight) by pacifiers. lambs were weighed one day per week to evaluate changes in weight. Dry matter intake was measured and fecal score was recorded daily. Feces samples were collected for digestibility in the final week for 5 days. lambs feces were evaluated daily. Feces scores were determined based on 1-firm and consistent, 2-soft and loose, 3-loose and watery, 4-watery with some blood and 5-watery with blood and mucus. Blood sampling was performed on day 83 so that all lambs were sampled intravenously before the morning meal and with dietary restriction for 12 to 14 hours and the blood was taken in two separate tubes, one containing heparin to obtain plasma and the other. Without heparin, the serum was poured to obtain it. The concentrations of blood Parameter were also determined by spectrophotometer.
Results and Discussion: The results showed that increasing the level of synbiotics in milk leads to an increase in dry matter intake, daily weight and end-of-period weight (P˂0.05) but the feed conversion ratio was not affected by the use of synbiotics (P> 0.05). The digestibility of crude protein, insoluble fiber in acidic detergent, insoluble fiber in neutral detergent, dry matter, organic matter and ether extract did not show a significant difference between experimental treatments (P> 0.05). Immunoglobulins in the blood of lambs increased with increasing synibiotic level in milk (P˂0.05) so that in 7.5 g of cinebbiotic treatment they had the highest and the control treatment had the lowest concentration of immunoglobulins (P˂0.05). Total protein, albumin, globulin and albumin to globulin ratios were not affected by experimental treatments (P<0.05) but cholesterol, glucose, triglyceride, ammonia nitrogen, high-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoproteins. Lipoproteins with very low density were affected by experimental treatments (P˂0.05) so that increasing the level of synbiotic caused an increase in triglyceride, lipoproteins with low density and very low lipoproteins (P˂0.05). Further consumption of synbiotics in milk reduced cholesterol, glucose, ammonia nitrogen and high-density lipoproteins (P˂0.05). Feces score decreased significantly with increasing sybibiotic level in milk, so that at the level of 5 g of synbiotic, the lowest consistency score was observed and in the control treatment, the highest feces score was observed (P˂0.05). But numerically, the control treatment had the highest number of days of diarrhea (P>0.05). In general, according to the present results, the use of synbiotics in suckling lambs is recommended to improve the performance and health of lambs.
Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study showed that the use of Synbiotics in milk Increases dry matter intake and daily weight gain in lambs. Also, the uptake of immunoglobulins into the blood of lambs increased with increasing synibiotic levels in milk. Elevated levels of synbiotics cause elevated triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins, and very low-density lipoproteins, but decreased cholesterol, glucose, amniotic nitrogen, and lipids .Improvement of feces score and diarrhea was observed with increasing sybiotic level in milk.The use of synbiotics in suckling lambs is necessary to improve the performance and health of suckling lambs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • sucking lambs
  • feces score
  • Blood parameters
  • digestibility
  • Synbiotics

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پژوهش های علوم دامی (دانش کشاورزی)
دوره 32، شماره 2
شهریور 1401
صفحه 31-46

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 28 بهمن 1399
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 30 آذر 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 11 دی 1400

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