تأثیر جایگزینی کنجاله سویا با دانه سویای خام، اکسترود شده و برشته‌شده‎ ‎‏ بر ‏فراسنجه‌های خونی، خصوصیات لاشه و الگوی اسیدهای چرب لاشه بره‌های نر افشاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه زنجان

2 گروه علوم دامی دانشگاه تبریز

3 گروه علوم دامی دانشگاه زنجان

10.22034/as.2022.31400.1476

چکیده

چکیده
زمینه مطالعاتی: دانه کامل سویا به منظور تامین انرژی و پروتئین در تغذیه نشخوارکنندگان استفاده می‌شود. ‏
هدف: هدف از اجرای پژوهش حاضر بررسی تأثیر جایگزینی کنجاله سویا با دانه سویای خام، اکسترود شده و ‏برشته‌شده بر فراسنجه‌های خونی، خصوصیات لاشه و الگوی اسیدهای چرب لاشه در بره‌های نر افشاری بود.‏
روش‌کار: پژوهش در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 7 تیمار و هر تیمار با 6 تکرار، به مدت 74 روز شامل 14 روز ‏دوره عادت دهی و 60 روز دوره نمونه‌گیری انجام شد. ‏
نتایج: بر اساس نتایج پژوهش غلظت کلسترول و نیتروژن اوره‌ای خون تحت تأثیر جیره‌های آزمایشی قرار ‏گرفت(01/0‏P<‎‏). در جیره حاوی کنجاله سویا، غلظت اسید پالمیتیک بیشتر از جیره‌های حاوی 15 درصد ‏سویای اکسترود شده و برشته‌شده بود‎ ‎‏(1/0‏P<‎‏). جیره حاوی 15 درصد سویای خام باعث افزایش اسید استئاریک ‏عضله راسته نسبت به کنجاله سویا گردید(05/0‏P<‎‏). در جیره حاوی 15 درصد سویای برشته‌شده غلظت اسید ‏واکسینیک بیشتر از کنجاله سویا بود (1/0‏P<‎‏). ‌اسیدلینولئیک کنژوکه در جیره‌های حاوی سویای اکسترود شده و ‏برشته‌شده بیشتر ازجیره‌های حاوی سویای خام و کنجاله سویا بود‎ ‎و این اختلاف تمایل به معنی‌داربودن داشت ‏‏(1/0‏P<‎‏). استفاده از 15 درصد سویای اکسترود شده موجب افزایش اسید لینولئیک لاشه نسبت به کنجاله سویا ‏گردید(05/0‏P<‎‏).‏‎ ‎مجموع اسیدهای چرب اشباع در جیره حاوی کنجاله سویا بیشتر از جیره حاوی 15 درصد سویای ‏برشته شده بود(05/0‏P<‎‏). اسیدهای چرب با چند باند دوگانه در جیره‌های حاوی سویای اکسترود شده و ‏برشته‌شده بیشتر از سویای خام و کنجاله سویا بود(05/0‏P<‎‏).‏
نتیجه‌گیری نهایی: بر اساس نتایج پژوهش حاضر جایگزینی کامل کنجاله سویا با سویای اکسترود شده و ‏برشته‌شده ( 15 درصد ماده خشک جیره) بدون تاثیر منفی بر خصوصیات لاشه، با بهبود فراسنجه‌های خونی، ‏افزایش اسید لینولئیک کنژوگه و اسیدهای چرب با چند باند دوگانه موجب افزایش اسیدهای چرب مفید در گوشت ‏بره‌ها گردید.‏

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of replacement Soybean meal with crud, extruded and roasted full-‎fat soybean on blood metabolites, carcass characteristic, pattern of carcass ‎fatty acids of Afshari male lambs ‎

نویسندگان [English]

  • akbar taghizade 2
  • HAMID AMANLOU 3
  • ALI HOSSEINKHANI 2
  • hamid mohamadzade 2
1 کارشناس ارشد واحدهای دامپروری
2 Professor&rlm; &rlm;&lrm;., Dept. of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz University &lrm;of, Iran &lrm;
3 Faculty of Agriculture, Zanjan University of, Iran ‎
چکیده [English]

Abstract ‎
Introduction: Full fat soybean is commonly used in the diet of ruminant‏ ‏nutrition to meet energy ‎and protein requirements. To eliminate the anti-nutritional substances and increasing bypass ‎protein, soybean seeds are processed, and heat is the most common way used to processing ‎soybeans. Due to the heating of soybeans, unsaturated fatty acids produced by high oxidation, ‎which ultimately bind to amine groups of amino acids, are affected by their release in the rumen. ‎As a result, in addition to not having a negative effect on rumen fermentation, the entry of ‎unsaturated fatty acids into the small intestine can save it in the tissues, thus increasing the ‎amount of fatty acids that are useful for human nutrition. The main objectives of this research ‎were the estimate the effect of dietary replacement of crud, extruded and rousted full-fat ‎soybean with soybean meal on Blood metabolites, Carcass characteristic and Pattern of Carcass ‎fatty acids in Afshari male lambs. ‎
Material and methods: Diets were randomly‎‏ ‏assigned to 7 groups of 6 lambs each in a ‎completely‏ ‏randomized design. Animals received the diets,‎‏ ‏as a total mixed ration, twice daily (at ‎‎08:00 and 16:00‎‏ ‏h) to ensure 10% orts and had free access to fresh water. Fifty-two male Afshari ‎lambs with average BW of 30 ± 2 kg and 3-4 Mo of age were used for this study. Animals were ‎housed in individual pens (1.8 by 1 m) and allowed an adaptation period of 14 d and a data ‎collection period of 60 d. Experimental diets with equal ME and CP concentrations and a forage ‎to-concentrate ratio of 30 to 70 were formulated: Treatment 1: contains 15 percent of soybean ‎meal, treatment 2: Replace of 7.5 percent soybean meal with crud full fat soybean, Treatment 3: ‎Replace of 15 percent soybean meal with crud full fat soybean, treatment 4: Replace of 7.5 ‎percent of soybean meal with extruded full fat soybean, Treatment 5: Replace of 15 percent ‎soybean meal with extruded full fat soybean, Treatment 6: Replace of 7.5 percent soybean meal ‎with roasted full fat soybean, Treatment 7: Replace of 15 percent soybean meal with roasted full ‎fat soybean. Blood samples were collected from all animals on d 20, 40 and 60 of the data ‎collection period. Approximately 10 mL of blood was collected by evacuated heparinized tubes ‎and centrifuged (3000 rpm for 15 min), and plasma was stored at –20°C until analysis. The ‎concentrations of glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, urea N, total protein, albumin, AST, ALT ‎and CK were measured by a spectrophotometer. Muscle thickness, loin muscle area and back fat ‎thickness, between 12th and 13th ribs were measured on d 20, 40 and 60 by ultrasound. At the ‎end of the experiment, three animals per treatment were slaughtered according to Halal method. ‎Hot-carcass weight and non-carcass components were weighed at slaughter day. After 24 h of ‎cooling at 4◦C, cold carcass weight was determined and carcass components were weighed. ‎About 50 g of the LD muscle between 12th to 13th ribs were taken for determination of fatty ‎acid profiles. ‎
‎ Results: The dietary substitution of soybean Meal with crud, extruded and roasted full-fat ‎soybean had no effects on glucose, triglyceride, protein, albumin and globulin concentration but ‎cholesterol and blood urea nitrogen concentrations were effected by experimental diets (P ‎‎<0.01). Feeding lambs on diets containing crud, extruded and roasted full-fat soybean instead of ‎soybean Meal had no effects on Ultrasound measurements of back fat thickness, muscle ‎thickness and loin muscle area. Carcass and non-carcass components were not affected by the ‎dietary treatment. Dietary treatments were not effected on short chain and long chain fatty acids. ‎The use of soybean meal significantly increased palmitic acid in comparison with the15% ‎extruded and rousted full fat soybean (P<0.05). Stearic acid concentration was higher for lambs ‎fed the 15% crude full fat soybean compared to the soybean meal‏ ‏‎(P<0.05). Replacing extruded ‎and roasted full-fat soybean increased poly on saturated fatty acids (p<0.01) and conjugated ‎linoleic acid‏ ‏‎(p<0.1). ‎
Conclusions: It is concluded that extruded and roasted full-fat soybean can‏ ‏be fed to fattening ‎Afshari lambs as a total replacement‏ ‏‎(15 percent of diet DM) for soybean meal without negative‏ ‏effects on carcass components, improved blood parameters, reduced saturated fatty acids and ‎increased conjugated linoleic acid, poly unsaturated fatty acids and useful fatty acids of meat in ‎Afshari lambs. ‎

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Soybean meal
  • full-fat soybean
  • Carcass fatty acids
  • Afshari Lambs

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پژوهش های علوم دامی (دانش کشاورزی)
دوره 34، شماره 2
شهریور 1403
صفحه 1-17

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 18 دی 1397
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 20 بهمن 1400

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