تأثیر مراحل مختلف رشد بر ترکیب شیمیایی، خصوصیات آنتی اکسیدانی و قابلیت هضم شکمبه‌ای- رو‌ده‌ای میوه بنه (Pistacia atlantica) به روش کیسه‌های نایلونی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه علوم دامی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند

چکیده

زمینه مطالعاتی: هدف از این پژوهش بررسی و مقایسه مراحل مختلف رشد بر ترکیب شیمیایی، خصوصیات آنتی اکسیدانی و قابلیت هضم شکمبه‌ای - رو‌ده‌ای میوه بنه به روش کیسه‌های نایلونی بود. روش کار: میوه بنه طی سه مرحله از کوهپایه‌های اطراف شهرستان بیرجند جمع آوری و خشک گردید. تیمارها عبارت بودند از: 1- میوه بنه ابتدای فصل رویش، 2- میوه بنه اواسط فصل رویش، و 3- میوه بنه انتهای فصل رویش. فراسنجه‌های تجزیه‌ پذیری نمونه‌ها پس از انکوباسیون به مدت صفر، 2، 4، 8، 16، 24، 48، 72، 96 و 120 ساعت در شکمبه 2 رأس گاو براون سوئیس دارای فیستولا اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج: با پیشرفت مرحله رشد درصد ماده خشک، چربی خام، NDF و ADF افزایش یافت (05/0P<). در مراحل اولیه رشد بیشترین میزان ترکیبات فنولی و آنتی اکسیدانی مشاهده شد. روغن میوه بنه مورد استفاده در آزمایش حاضر حاوی 59/16 درصد اسید چرب اشباع، 08/71 درصد اسید چرب غیر اشباع با یک پیوند دوگانه، 22/11 درصد اسید چرب غیر اشباع با دو پیوند دوگانه و 88/0 درصد اسید چرب غیر اشباع با سه پیوند دوگانه بود. میانگین بخش سریع تجزیه (a)، بخش کند تجزیه (b) و همچنین ثابت نرخ تجزیه (c) در مورد پروتئین خام بیشتر از ماده خشک بود. قابلیت هضم شکمبه‌ای ماده خشک و پروتئین خام بالاتر از قابلیت هضم پس از شکمبه‌ای و کل دستگاه گوارشی ماده خشک و پروتئین خام میوه بنه بود. نتیجه‌گیری نهایی: از این مطالعه می‌توان نتیجه گرفت میوه بنه غنی از ترکیبات فنولی و آنتی اکسیدانی است و می‌تواند به عنوان یک آنتی اکسیدان طیبعی جایگزین آنتی اکسیدانهای سنتزی گردد. همچنین به دلیل دارا بودن حدود 83 درصد اسیدهای چرب غیر اشباع دارای ارزش غذایی بالا است و می‌توان در جیره‌ نویسی دام‌ها به منظور غنی سازی و افزایش پایداری اکسیداتیو محصولات دامی، از این اطلاعات بهره‌ برد.  

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of different growth stages on the chemical composition, antioxidant properties and rumen-intestinal digestion of Pistacia atlantica with nylon bags method

نویسندگان [English]

  • F Ganji
  • M Bashtani
  • H Farhangfar
  • SA Ghiasi
Adesogan AT, 2005. Effect of bag type on the apparent digestibility of feeds in Ankom DaisyII incubators. Journal of Animal Feed Science & Technol. 119, 333–344.
Akbarinia A and Koochaki A, 1992. Effect of harvesting stages on growth characteristics, yield and nutritional value of some barley cultivars. Journal of Pajouhesh and Sazandegi No, 15.
Alavi S, 2000. Assessing the nutritional value of animal feed resources in the country )Forage and fibrous). Master's thesis, Department of Jihad Ministry of Education and Research, the Center for Higher Education Imam Khomeini, Tehran, 105 pages. (In Persian)
Anagnostopoulou MA, Kefalas P, Papageorgiou VP, Assimepoulou AN and Boskou D, 2006. Radical scavenging activity of various extracts and fractions of sweet orange peel (Citrus sinensis). Food Chemistry 94: 19-25.
AOAC, 2005. Offcial Methods of Analysis (18th ed). USA: Association of Oficial Analytical Chemists.
Aysegul P, 2008. Antioxidative properties of decoction of pistacia atlanticadesf. Leaves. Asian Journal of Chemistry 20(1): 681-93.
Bohluli A and Naserian A, 2007. Chemical composition and the amount of disappearance of various components of pistachio. Proceedings of the 2nd Congress of Animal and Aquatic Sciences. (In Persian)
Belachew Z, Yisehak K, Taye T, Janssens G, 2013. Chemical composition and in sacco ruminal degradation of tropical trees rich in condensed tannins. Czech Journal of Animal Science 58: 176-192.
Daneshrad A and Aynechi Y, 1980. Chemical studies of the oil from pistacia nuts growing wild in Iran. Journal of American Oil Chemistry Society 57: 248-9.
Di bella G, Maisano R, Lapera L, Loturco V, Salvo F and Dugo G, 2007. Statis- tical Characterization of Sicilian Olive Oils from the Peloritana and Maghrebian Zones According to the fatty acid profile.  Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 55: 6568-6574.
Dillard CG and German GB, 2000. Phytochemicals: nutraceuticals and human health. Science of Food and Agriculture 80: 1744-1756.
Erfanzade R and Arzani H, 2002. Study of quality changes in forage species of Trifolium repens in two phonological stages of flowering and seeding. The 2th National Conference of pasture and rangeland, Iran 405: 409-410. (In Persian)
Erfanzade R, Arzani H, 2003. Study on effects of phonological stages and soil characteristics on forage quality of two range species of Trifolium pratense and Coronilla varia (Case study:Javaher deh,Ramsar). Journal of Pajouhesh and Sazandegi No 58, pp 24.
Farhoosh R, Tavakoli J and Haddad Khodaparast, MH, 2008. Chemical composition of kernel oils from two current subspecies of Pistacia atlantica in Iran. Journal of American Oil Chemistry Society 85: 723-729.
Fazaeli H, 2007. The nutritional value of dried pistachio residues with hay in sheep. Proceedings of the 2nd Congress of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Sciences. (In Persian)
Flagella Z, Rotunno T, Tarantino E, Di Caterina R and De Caro A, 2002. Changes in seed yield and oil fatty acid composition of high oleic sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids in relation to the sowing date and the water regime. European Journal of Agronomy 17: 221–230.
Ganji F, Bashtani M, Farhangfar H, Ghiasi SE and Asghari MR, 2017. Evaluation of the chemical composition and nutritional value of Pistacia atlantica at different growth stages. The Fourth National Seminar on Livestock Management, Poultry and Aquaculture and 2th Raeini goats Festival. September 15-16, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. (In Persian)
Hervas G, Pilar Frutos F, Javier Giraldez Angel R, Mantecَn Mar´ıa C and Alvarez Del P, 2004. Effect of different doses of quebracho tannins extract on rumen fermentation in ewes. Animal Feed Science and Technology 109: 65–78.
Hor SA, ZamaniDehkordi F and FrouzandeShahraki AD, 2015. International conference on sustainable development, strategies and challengesWith a focus on Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment and Tourism 42-42 Feb 4025, Tabriz, Iran.
Ismail Khanian SA and Amadi M, 1995. Use of Pistacia atlanticaMeal in Nutrition of Iranian Sheep. Proceedings of the National Pistacia atlantica Seminar, Ilam, Livestock and Natural Resources Research Center, August 10-8, pp. 148-140. (In Persian)
Lagouri V and Boskou D, 1996. Nutrien antioxidants in oregano. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 47: 493-7.
Li CT, Beveridge HT, C.G.Drover J, 2007. Phytosterol content of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) seed oil: Extraction and identification. Food Chemistry 101: 1633-9.
Lopez-Feria S, Cardenas S, Garc-Mesa JA and Alcarcel MV, 2008. Classification of extra virgin olive oils according to the protecteddesignation of origin, olive Variety and geographical orgin. Talanta 75: 937-943.
Mahdavi A, Zaghari M, Zahedifar M, Nikkhah A and Aghashahi A, 2008. Determination of nutritional value and the possibility of using different levels of dry pistachio shell on the performance of fattening Afshari lambs in Iran. Journal of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Vol. 15, No. 5. (In Persian)
Makkar HPS and Singh B, 1993. Effect of storage and urea addition on detannification and in sacco dry matter digestibility of mature oak (Quercus incana) leaves. Animal Feed Science and Technology 41: 247–259.
Marino MA, Mazzanti A, Assuero SG, Gastal F, Echeverria HE and Andrade F (2004). Nitrogen dilution curves and nitrogen use efficiency during winter-spring growth of annual ryegrass. Agronomy Journal 96: 601-607.
Mashayekhi Mazar MA, Vafa TS, Qureshi SM and Sepehri moghadam H, 2016. Determination of chemical composition and digestibility of pistacia atlantica with gas production method. The Seventh Congress on Animal Sciences of Iran. 17-18 August. College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj. (In Persian)
Mathew S and Abraham TE, 2006. In vitro antioxidant activity and scavenging effects of Cinnamomum verum leaf extract assayed by different methodologies. Food and Chemical Toxicology 44:198-206.
McDonald PR, Edwards A and Greenhagh JF, 1990. Animal nutrition 4th edition, John Willey and Sons, Inc, New York.
Modirshanechi M, 2000. Forage production and plant management, Astan Qods Razavi publications P:448.
Mousavi, MA, 1995. Determination of Chemical Composition and Gross Energy of Livestock and Poultry Food in Kermanshah Province. Master's thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, 134 pages. (In Persian)
Nabila B, Fawzia AB and Tatjanak P, 2008. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the Pistacia lentiscus and PAextracts. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2: 22-8.
Orskov ER, Mcdonald I, 1979. The estimation of protein degradation in the rumen from incubation    measurements weighted according to rate of passage. Agriculture Science 92: 499-503.
Padulosi S and Hadj-Hassan A, 1998. Towards a comprehensive documentation of distribution and use of Pistacia: genetic diversity in central and west asia. North Africa and Mediterranean Europe. Report of the IPGRI Workshop 4: 25-30.
Parola M, Leonarduzzi G, Biasi F, Albano M, Biocca E, Polic G et al, 1992. Vitamin E dietary supplementation protects against CC14 induced chronic liver damage and cirrhosis. Hepatology. 16: 1014-21.
Porter LJ, Hrstich LN and Chan BG, 1986. The conversion of procyanidins and prodelphinidins to cyanidin and delphinidin. Phytochemistry 25:223–230.
Rajesh M, Nagarajan A, Perumal S and Sellamuthu M, 2008. The antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential of two different solvent extracts of Camellia sinensis, Ficus bengalensis and Ficus racemosa. Food Chemistry 107:1000–1007.
Rezaeyan S, Pourmajidian M, Jalilvand H, Parsakhoo A (2009). Growth parameters of Pistacia atlantica Desf  undrer different soil conditions in Iran. African Journal Plant Science; 3:184-9. 
SAS Institute Inc., 2002. Statistical Analysis System (SAS) User's Guide, SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA.
Shadnoush Gh and Karami M, 2005. Study of energy changes, crude fat and ash of rangeland species of grass, wheat grass, pomace, barley, Bakhtiari turkey and fat cattle In the grazing of sheep and goats in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Abstract of the articles of the second research seminar of sheep and goats, Iran. National Institute of Animal Science Research, p. 47. (In Persian)
Shakeri P, Fazaeli H, Gholami H and Forough-Ameri N, 2004. The effect of different level of pistachio peeling residuals on fattening lambs performance. Project research final report. Jehad Keshavarzi. Kerman Research Centure 53 pp.
Sharif A, Farhoosh R, Khodaparast MH, Tavasoli Kafrani MH and Najafi V, 2009. Antioxidant activity of beneh hull oil during the frying process of sunflower oil. Journal of Food Lipids 16: 394-406.
Soleiman Beygi M and Arzegar Z, 2013. Review of chemical properties and nutrient indices of Pistacia atlantica oil compared to olive, sunflower and canola oils. Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences 21: 5. (In Persian)
Tabataba'i M, 1993. Practical Feeding to the Cattle, First Edition, Bu-Ali Sina University Press, Hamadan, p. 209. (In Persian)
Taghizadeh A, Shojaee J, Moghaddam Gh, Jomammadi H and Yasan P, 2002. Determination of dry matter and crude protein degradability of some woody and dense food by in situ method in sheep. Journal of Agricultural Science Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 100-93. (In Persian)
Taran M, Sharifi M, Azizi E and Khanahmadi M, 2010. Antimicrobial activity of the leaves of Pistacia khinjuk. Journal of Medicinal Plants 9:81-5.
Torkaman J and Seyam SH, 2009. Measurment of tannin in tree barks of Oak, Beech, Alder, Hornbeam and Black walnut. Journal of Medicinal Plant 8(29): 58-63.
Unger PW, 1982. Time and frequency of irrigation effects on sunflower production and water use. Soil Science Society of America Journal 46: 1072–1076.
Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB and Lewis BA, 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74: 3583-3597.