Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), 1990. Official methods of analysis, 15th edition. AOAC, Washington, DC, USA.
Alipour D and Rouzbehan Y, 2010. Effects of several levels of extracted tannin from grape pomace on intestinal digestibility of soybean meal. Livestock Science 128:87-91.
Barry T and Manley T, 1984. The role of condensed tannins in the nutritional value of Lotus pedunculatus for sheep. 2. Quantitative digestion of carbohydrates and proteins. The British journal of nutrition, 51:493.
Behgar M, Ghasemi S, Naserian A, Borzoie A and Fatollahi, H, 2011. Gamma radiation effects on phenolics, antioxidants activity and (in vitro) digestion of pistachio (Pistachia vera) hull. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 80:963-967.
Capparucci C, Gironi F and Piemonte V, 2011. Tannins Extraction from Walnuts Residues. Chemical Engineering 24.
Dentinho M, Moreira O, Pereira M and Bessa R, 2007. The use of a tannin crude extract from Cistus ladanifer L. to protect soya-bean protein from degradation in the rumen. Animal. 1: 645–650.
Driedger A and Hatfield EE, 1972. Influence of tannins on the nutritive value of soybean meal for ruminants. Journal of Animal Science. 34(3), 465-468.
El-Waziry AM, Nasser MEA and Sallam SMA, 2005. Processing methods of soybean meal: 1-effect of roasting and tannic acid treated-soybean meal on gas production and rumen fermentation
in vitro.
Journal of Applied Sciences 1(3): 313-320.
Frutos P, Hervás G, Giráldez FJ, Fernández G and Mantecón AR, 2000. Digestive utilization of quebracho-treated soya bean meals in sheep. Journal of Agricultural Science 134:101-108.
González S, Pabon ML and Carulla J, 2005. Effects of tannins on in vitro ammonia release and dry matter degradation of soybean meal. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Produccian Animal 10 (2).
Guo X, Ding W, Han J and Zhou H, 2008. Characterization of protein fractions and amino acids in ensiled alfalfa treated with different chemical additives. Animal Feed Science and technology 142:89-98.
Hagerman AE, 1988. Extraction of tannin from fresh and preserved leaves. Journal of Chemical Ecology 14:453-461.
Hagerman AE, Riedl KM, Jones GA, Sovik KN, Ritchard NT, Hartzfeld PW and Riechel TL, 1998. High molecular weight plant polyphenolics (tannins) as biological antioxidants. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 18;46(5):1887-1892.
Hagerman AE, Riedl KM and Rice RE, 2000. Tannins as biological antioxidants. In: Plant Polyphenols 2. Springer. pp 495-505.
Haslam E, 1989. Plant polyphenols: vegetable tannins revisited, CUP Archive.
Hervás G, Frutos P, Serrano E, Mantecón AR and Giráldez FJ, 2000. Effect of tannic acid on rumen degradation and intestinal digestion of treated soya bean meals in sheep. Journal of Agricultural Science 135 (3), 305-310.
Jolazadeh AR, Dehghan-banadaky M and Rezayazdi K, 2015. Effects of soybean meal treated with tannins extracted from pistachio hulls on performance, ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites and nutrient digestion of Holstein bulls. Anim Feed Sci Tech, 203: 33-40.
Khalilvand-behroozyar H, Dehghan-banadaky M and Rezayazdi K, 2010. The effects of phenolic compounds deactivation through different treatments on Sainfoin hay chemical composition, and a determination of its crude protein fractioning in AFRC and CNCPS system. Iranian Journal of Animal Science, 41(4): 391-403. (In Persian).
Licitra G, Hernandez T and Van Soest P, 1996. Standardization of procedures for nitrogen fractionation of ruminant feeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology 57:347-358.
Makkar H and Singh B, 1992. Detannification of oak (Quercus incana) leaves: treatments and their optimization. Animal Feed Science and Technology 36:113-127.
Makkar H, 2003. Effects and fate of tannins in ruminant animals, adaptation to tannins, and strategies to overcome detrimental effects of feeding tannin-rich feeds. Small Ruminant Research 49:241-256.
Makkar, HPS, 2000. Quantification of Tannins Tree and Shrub Foliage. A Labora-tory Manual for the FAO/IAEA Co-ordinated Research Project on Use of Nuclear and Related Techniques to Develop Simple Tannin Assays for Predicting and Improving the Safety and Efficiency of Feeding Ruminants on Tanniniferous Tree Foliage. Joint FAO/IAEA of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture.Animal Production and Health Sub-Programme, FAO/IAEA Working Document, IAEA, Vienna, Austria. y Manual. Kluwer Academic Pub-lishers, p. 102.
Martinez T, Moyano F, Díaz M, Barroso F and Alarcón, 2004. Ruminal degradation of tannin‐treated legume meals. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 84:1979-1987.
Mezzomo R, Paulino P, Detmann E, Valadares F, Paulino M, Monnerat J, Duarte M, Silva L and Moura L, 2011. Influence of condensed tannin on intake, digestibility, and efficiency of protein utilization in beef steers fed high concentrate diet. Livestock Science 141:1-11.
Naczk M, Amarowicz A, Sullivan A and Shahidi F, 1998. Current research developments on polyphenolics of rapeseed/canola: a review. Food Chemistry 62:489-502.
Nishimuta JF, Ely DG and Boling JA, 1974. Ruminal bypass of dietary soybean protein treated with heat, formalin and tannic acid. Journal of Animal Science. 39(5), 952-957.
Reed JD, 1995. Nutritional toxicology of tannins and related polyphenols in forage legumes. Journal of animal science 73:1516-1528.
Silanikove N, Perevolotsky A and Provenza FD, 2001. Use of tannin-binding chemicals to assay for tannins and their negative postingestive effects in ruminants. Animal Feed Science and Technology 91:69-81.
Sniffen C, connor JO, Van Soest P, Fox D and Russell J, 1992. A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: II. Carbohydrate and protein availability. Journal of Animal science 70:3562-3577.
Stern MD, 1981. Ruminal protein degradation and intestinal amino acid supply. In: Proceedings of the Minnesota Nutrition Conference, Livestock Science. pp. 23–39.
Vahdani N, Dehghan Banadaky M, Rezayazdi K and Khalighi-Sigaroodi F, 2016. Effects of semi-pure tannin usage, on crude protein fractions of soy bean meal and canola meal by CNCPS, Iranian Journal of Animal Science 47(2): 261-270. (In Persian).
Valizadeh R and Naserian AA, 2009. Influence of drying and ensiling pistachio by-products with urea and molasses on their chemical composition, tannin content and rumen degradability parameters. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 89:69-81.
Van Soest PV, Robertson J and Lewis B, 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74:3583-3597.
Zhao G, Xue Y, Li Y and Zhang W, 2008. The estimation of duodenal utilizable true protein in sheep fed mixed rations using the nitrogenous fractions of the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System. Small Ruminant Research 76:190-194.